By Christopher K. Dorn, aka “The Beryllium Guy”
Introduction
This is the third and final article in a short series about the Cape of Good Hope (COGH) Triangular Issues. The first one was published by the Big Blue 1840-1940 Stamp Blog in Nov-2024 [1] and the Cape & Natal Philatelic Journal (CNPJ) in Jan-2025 [2]. The second one was published on Big Blue in Mar-2025 [3] and by the CNPJ in Jun-2025 [4]. Sincere thanks to Jim Jackson at Big Blue and Simon Solomon at CNPJ for making all this possible.
As this is a series of articles, for
best understanding, it is advised that Parts 1 and 2 of this series should be
read first if that has not already been done.
The background information provided in the first article still applies
to this installment, but it will not be covered in detail again. So, let’s start digging into our
third mystery!
Mystery #3: The Case of the 4-Pence Steel Blue, 1863-64
Unlike the COGH 1-Penny (1d) Brick Red on Cream-Toned Paper or the 6-Pence (6d) Slate Purple on Blued Paper, our third mystery is not an attempt to answer the question if a particular color-shade variety exists or not, but rather, “What does it look like?” I am referring to the COGH, SG19c (Sc13b) 4-Pence (4d) Steel Blue on White Paper.
Luckily for me, the first article I ever wrote on the Cape of Good Triangular Issues was about the 4d De La Rue (DLR) prints, which includes the Steel Blue [5]. In that article from 2022, I had the further good fortune to have been able to include images given to me by Stanley Gibbons Ltd. (SG) of examples of the four major color-shade varieties of the SG19 (Sc13) 4d, all of which had been expertized by BPA in the UK. BPA was highly recommended to me by SG senior staff as the best service for expertizing of Cape Triangles [6].
Consequently, readers may be wondering what has changed in my situation since the time of that 2022 article, which is a perfectly valid question. The two most important things that I have now that I didn’t have then are: 1) a BPA-certified example of an SG19c (Sc13b) 4d Steel Blue (see Fig. 1), and 2) my colleague and friend Warren Parker, who kindly gave me access to his extensive collection for the two previous “Mysteries” articles, gave me access to his 4d issues as well.
Therefore, because I now have my own certified
reference copy of the stamp, and because Warren gave me access to his
collection, I was able to make side-by-side scans of the material on the same
machine at the same time, under the same conditions. This is the first expertized Cape Triangle I
have ever owned, and I am truly grateful that I not only have the pleasure of
owning it, but I am now also able to share images and information that will hopefully
help others to answer the question, “What does the color of the Steel Blue 4d
Cape Triangle really look like?”
Origin of the 4d Steel
Blue Color-Shade Variety
I thought that a logical place to begin this discussion is to look into where this color-shade variety came from. I understood that it originated with the SG Catalogue, so I posed the question to Mr. Hugh Jefferies, the SG Catalogue Editor, and he supplied the following information.
Steel Blue first appeared as a 4d Cape Triangle color shade in 1927, in contrast to the Slate Blue, which originated sometime between 1890-99, exact date uncertain [7]. I was very happy to learn this, as I thought surely the next step would be simply to get an SG Color Guide from the same time period, and it would be clear what the color shade should look like.
So, with the help of some other collectors, I was able to acquire a pair of vintage SG Color Guides [8]. I was pleased to see that Slate Blue was included in there, but unfortunately, Steel Blue was not. This Color Guide features 100 different colors, printed as stamps (see Figure 2 below). Additional research has revealed that this Color Guide is believed to date from the early 1920s [9], which pre-dates the origin of Steel Blue for Cape Triangles and explains why Steel Blue was not included.
Figure 2: Images
digitally cropped from the early 1920s SG Color Guide, showing three of the
four color shades corresponding to the varieties of COGH, SG19. From left to right: Deep Blue, SG19 (Sc13);
Blue, SG19a (Sc13c); and Slate Blue, SG19b (Sc13a). I have added the image for Indigo in this
group for reasons that will be explained later in this article.
Important Changes to the
SG Color Key Guide
The next dated SG Color Guide that I have been able to get is one from 1969. By that time, SG stopped having stamps printed to show the colors as in Fig. 2, and they switched to small, solid blocks of each color. There were still 100 different colors shown, although not the same 100 as in the earlier edition [10]. For more details on the SG Color Guides used, please see the Appendix.
The 1969 SG Color Guide is a good news, bad news
situation for our quest to determine what a Steel Blue Cape Triangle should
look like. The good news is that Steel
Blue is, indeed, included in the Guide.
The bad news is that SG seem to have switched their earlier designation
of Slate Blue and the later one added by 1969 for Steel Blue (see Figure 3).
Presumably, SG decided to change their thinking on
what colors Slate and Steel Blue represent based on other needs in the
catalogue listings, i.e., stamps other than Cape Triangles described by these
color shades. Per the notes in the 1969
Guide, under the title “Colour Identification
in Philately,” we can find the following statement [10]:
Then, too, certain outstanding stamps have come to be recognised under a particular colour name, e.g., France, 1 franc, “orange-vermilion,” Great Britain, 10s. “cobalt,” and the “scarlet-vermilion” and “orange-vermilion” of the early Newfoundland issues. These classic stamps are generally known by their colour names and alterations would therefore be inadvisable
Based on this statement, and although they are not cited as specific examples, I think that the Cape Triangles described in the SG Catalogues as Steel and Slate Blue fall under this disclaimer. I think that they would certainly qualify as “outstanding” and “classic” stamps that have, indeed, come to be recognized by a particular color name.
Unfortunately, anyone using an SG Color Guide
published in the last 60 years or so has an excellent chance of falling into
the trap of not realizing that the Steel and Slate Blue color shades for the
Cape Triangles are not those found in these more modern guides. No wonder there is confusion over what these
color shades should look like!
Stevenson’s
Comments on the 4d Steel Blue
As with the other two mysteries in this series, let us also consider what Stevenson has written about the DLR 4d stamps overall and concerning the Steel Blue color shade in particular [11):
The
stamps generally described as steel-blue and slate-blue seem to be printed on a
more deeply yellow-brown toned paper, which may even assist to cause these
apparent shades. There are
extraordinarily divergent views as to what exact shade these descriptions
represent.
Stevenson’s award-winning book from 1950 is still an excellent resource for anyone interested in understanding Cape Triangles, and I refer to it frequently myself. In the 75 years since its publication, however, not all of his assertions have withstood the test of time. In this particular case, I think the issue is that Stevenson offered an observation/ opinion about the Steel Blue color shade based on his experience, and because of the overall authoritative nature of much of the rest of his book, which is well deserved, readers have misconstrued this as fact rather than what it is (i.e., an opinion).
In reality, we have no idea how many examples Stevenson was able to view upon which to base his opinion. In the years leading up to the book’s publication in 1950, he would have presumably needed to see the stamps in person in order to make observations. Thanks to the internet, we now have the ability to view many thousands of examples every year, with new opportunities presenting themselves on a daily basis. While I feel confident that Stevenson has offered his opinion accurately and in good faith, I would argue that due to the era in which he lived, his access to stamps would have been much more limited than what we have available to us today.
With that in mind, all I can say is that Stevenson’s observation that, “….steel-blue (stamps) seem to be printed on a more deeply yellow-brown toned paper” is not consistent with my experience, nor is it consistent with what can be seen in the reference examples from SG (see Figure 4):
Ironically, I have come to the conclusion that by making this observation about toned paper in his book, Stevenson has effectively created a self-fulfilling prophecy. Nowadays, collectors and dealers alike seem to claim with some frequency in many online platforms that any 4d Cape Triangle on yellow-brown toned paper must be one of the DLR rare color shades. As we will see from further examples, while there are certainly SG19 varieties known to exist on yellow-brown toned paper, there is no evidence to support the notion that this condition of the paper is related to identification of said stamps as either Slate or Steel Blue in color.
When referring to the DLR 4d stamps, Stevenson also
wrote that, “The De La Rue stamps are duller blues, best described as indigo [11].” I think this is an important point, which may
provide a key to making relative comparisons of the four DLR blue color shades,
and of course, isolating the Steel Blue as a distinct shade from the other
three. We will delve into that in
greater detail a bit later.
Other
Historical References & Notable Examples
As with the two previous “mysteries” articles, I have also done some research to find images of stamps in prominent collections that have been identified as COGH, SG19c (Sc13b) Steel Blue. Here are some examples, shown with their associated sources.
Figure 7: Two reference examples from the collection of the internationally recognized philatelist, Joseph Hackmey. Left: COGH, SG19c (Sc13b) 4d Steel Blue (unused). This is the same stamp as shown in Figure 6, but the color shade looks quite different compared to the image in Figure 6. Right: COGH, SG19c (Sc13b) 4d Steel Blue (used). The above individual images have been digitally cropped from their original source, “The Museum of Philately” [14], and placed into this composite image to facilitate comparison.
The circumstance of having the same Steel-Blue stamp represented in three different images from three different sources created at three different times is a very good illustration of the limitations of trying to compare color shades when the images do not come from the same source. With that in mind, because the image of this well-documented Steel-Blue example from the Hackmey Collection on The Museum of Philately website (Figure 7, left) is so different in color compared to earlier images of the same stamp, I have chosen to use the 2003 Feldman image to make further comparisons (Figure 6, right), which has been digitally scanned from a printed photograph in the auction catalogue as the best of the three images of this same stamp.
The first thing to notice again is that none of these
examples appear to show the “deeply yellow-brown toned paper,” to which
Stevenson referred. The second thing is
that to my eye, these examples seem to compare favorably with the SG reference
example (see Figure 8). The color shades
are not an exact match, but the overall appearance and print clarity appear
similar to me, which I think is note-worthy.
As both of these stamps have also been certified as Steel Blue by BPA,
that would seem to indicate some consistency in their assessment of this color
shade.
Figure 8: Two BPA-certified Steel-Blue examples. Left: COGH, SG19c (Sc13b) 4d Steel Blue (used) [5]. Right: COGH, SG19c (Sc13b) 4d Steel Blue (unused) [13]. The above individual images have been digitally cropped from their original sources and placed into this composite image to facilitate comparison. The stamp on the right now resides in the Joseph Hackmey Collection. Image credits: Stanley Gibbons Ltd. (left) and David Feldman SA (right)
The Maxwell Joseph Collection, reputed to be the largest collection of Cape Triangles ever assembled, had some 20 examples in all, including 2 unused singles, 4 used singles, as well as a variety of pairs and stamps on piece and on cover. The color shade of the majority of the stamps seems consistent with the BPA-certified example shown at right in Figure 8, but there are a couple of examples that appear to me to be a notably darker shade of gray than the others identified as Steel Blue [12].
The “Lady Hope” Collection had 19 examples of Steel Blue, including a used block of 6, which is now also part of the Joseph Hackmey Collection [13][14]. Once again, in looking at the photos of the 20 examples in the Maxwell Joseph Catalogue and the 19 in the “Lady Hope” Catalogue, I note the absence of deeply yellow-brown toned paper. If anything, the Maxwell Joseph images appear slightly bluish in tone, but I think that can be attributed more to the photography than to the stamps themselves, as the “Lady Hope” image of the same stamp shows neither deep yellow-brown nor bluish toning of the paper.
It should also be noted that there is no mention of the
Steel-Blue color shade at all in the Dale and Lichtenstein Collections
Catalogue [15], which I find surprising, considering the importance of those
holdings. I am not sure why this would
have been the case, as the existence of the 4d Steel Blue was already
established by SG some twenty years before Alfred Lichtenstein passed away in
1947.
Examples of Stamps on
Hand
Now that we have seen some images of stamps from reference sources, let’s take a closer look at some actual stamps that can be viewed together under various kinds of light and lighting conditions and scanned side by side. For sake of comparison, and to try to illustrate the color differences, please see images of four stamps shown in Figure 9.
These stamps offer the added advantage over the
previous reference examples, of course, in that they have all been scanned on
the same machine, at the same time, and under the same conditions. This makes their side-by-side comparison better
than what can be managed using images from a variety of sources.
In looking at the images of the stamps in Figure 9, I hope at least that the Steel-Blue shade can be readily differentiated from the other three, which was my primary intention. The overall difference seems clear to my eye, where the color seems deepest starting with the Slate Blue, followed by the Deep Blue, then by the Blue, and lastly by the Steel Blue. Building on Stevenson’s comment that the DLR 4d blue shades are best described as Indigo, I think he is right. In fact, I would go one step further and opine that these four shades can be differentiated from one another by how much Indigo they contain, with the Steel Blue having the least.
In addition to my own collection, which is admittedly
a bit limited in its total quantity of 4d DLR stamps, I was once again given
access to view and scan examples from the collection of my fellow Stamp Forum
(TSF) member, Warren Parker [16]. I had
the chance to meet Warren again in January 2026 to see his 4d issues. Warren has a more extensive collection of
Cape Triangles than I do, and he has identified 9 or 10 examples as
Steel Blue. And because I was able to
scan his stamps using my machine, we can readily include his in side-by-side color-shade
comparisons. See Figure 10 below.
Figure 10: Side-by-side
comparison of stamps from Warren’s and my collections. Left: COGH, SG19c (Sc13b) Steel Blue, lightly
used, from Warren (his identification, and I agree). Right: COGH, SG19c (Sc13b) Steel Blue (my unused/
no-gum certified copy from Fig. 9). Both
images have been digitally cropped from larger scans.
Personally, I think that Warren’s Steel Blue compares quite favorably with my certified example. Not only does the color shade look pretty good, but I think that the print clarity is also similar. Why would that latter point matter, readers may ask? Well, my opinion is that there is so much variation in both color shades and print clarities for Cape Triangles in general (the so-called “wide range/ band”), that for a rare shade, since these stamps are by definition far less common, there should be a narrower range (i.e., more consistency) in both color shade and print clarity.
This is just my opinion, of course, and I understand
that others may choose to see it differently, especially if they have stamps
that are less similar to the certified examples, and they think that theirs
should qualify as a rare shade.
Summary on
What Steel-Blue Cape Triangles Should Look Like
Points of my argument:
· I consider SG to be the pre-eminent authority on the Cape Triangle color
shades, because they are the ones who originated them. Other catalogue makers have either copied SG
or based their listings on those that SG created in the first place. This is precisely why I went to SG to ask
what the COGH, SG19 varieties should look like.
I think that their opinion in this matter counts more than anyone
else’s.
· In my opinion, there seems to be good, general consistency in color
shade and print clarity for Steel Blue stamps among BPA-certified examples from
prominent collections of Cape Triangles where it is included.
· By aligning the Slate-Blue Cape Triangle color shade with the version of
Slate Blue shown in the 1920s SG Color Guide, it then becomes possible to see where
Steel Blue should fit in the COGH, SG19 color-shade-variety spectrum and not
confuse it with the 1960s-and-later version of Steel Blue.
· The 1960s-and-later SG Color Guides do contain a disclaimer that certain
classic stamps are known by their historical color-shade names, which can
explain why such stamps will not align well with those later versions of the SG
Color Guide. I think this disclaimer clearly
applies to both the Steel and Slate Blue 4d Cape Triangles, and it underpins the
reasoning for aligning the Slate-Blue shade with the 1920s version, rather than
the later one.
· Side-by-side comparison of stamps from my colleague Warren’s collection with my certified example shows consistency in both color shade and print clarity, as well as a general absence of deeply yellow-brown toned paper.
Counterpoints to my argument:
· Despite the fact that SG originated this color shade for Cape Triangles
in their catalogues in 1927, the SG Color Guides provide no direct help. The origin point came after the early Color
Guides were devised and printed, so the shade is not listed there. By the time SG introduced newer Color Guides
in the 1960s, they changed what Steel and Slate Blue color shades should look
like, more or less switching the two.
Consequently, I have only been able to figure it out using the indirect method
of aligning the Slate-Blue shade first.
· While it is true that the 1960s-and-later SG Color Guides do contain a
disclaimer that certain classic stamps are known by their historical
color-shade names, which can explain why such stamps will not align well with
those later versions of the SG Color Guide, Cape Triangle color-shades are not explicitly
cited as examples falling under this provision.
· Stevenson opined that Steel-Blue Cape Triangles were generally printed
on deeply yellow-brown toned paper, which he further speculated may have even
been the cause of the rare color shades of Steel and Slate Blue. As I have not found this to be the case, I
imagine that strict disciples of Stevenson will view this as a negative.
· Expertizing sources other than BPA have certified Cape Triangles as
Steel and Slate Blue, which are very different in appearance from the
SG-endorsed BPA examples.
· The Dale & Lichtenstein Collections, which are historical
significant to this area of our hobby, do not mention the COGH 4d Steel Blue
stamps at all.
· Many online collectors, dealers, and other stamp-related sites have identified Cape Triangles as 4d Steel Blue, but they are very different in appearance to the BPA-certified examples.
Figure 11: Side-by-side
comparison of two stamps from my collection.
Left: COGH, SG19a? (Sc13c) Blue, used, on yellow-brown toned paper. I have tentatively identified this as Blue,
but the toned color of the paper makes the Blue appear darker, at least to my
eye. The seller of this stamp had
identified it as Steel Blue, and perhaps it could be. This is the only example I have been able to find
on toned paper similar to what Stevenson described. Right: COGH, SG19c (Sc13b) Steel Blue (my
unused/ no-gum certified copy from Figures 9 and 10). Both images have been digitally cropped from
larger scans.
Conclusion
Unlike our first two mysteries, where the existence of two specific color shades was in question, this time, we are attempting to figure out what the Steel-Blue color shade should look like for a Cape Triangle. I think this has been a more challenging issue to address, compared to the first two, as the evidence is less clear cut.
Still, I place my faith in the guidance from SG, the originators of this color shade. The Steel-Blue example with which they provided me in 2022 is the cornerstone on which the rest of the argument is based (see Figures 4 and 8). Based on that image, I sought a stamp that looked similar. I found one, bought it, and sent it to BPA for expertizing, and it came back as a genuine example.
The importance of this development is that now I have my own BPA-certified example, and I can then use it for making side-by-side comparisons and scanning the stamps in question using the same machine, settings, and conditions. That is exactly what I have done for this article.
All of that said, there will doubtless continue to be confusion over what Steel Blue should look like for Cape Triangles. This stems from the fact that the actual color shade from certified examples does not align with SG Color Guides published since the 1960s. In addition, Stevenson’s comments about these stamps generally occurring on yellow-brown toned paper have compounded the problem. In my research of these stamps over the past few years, I have not found any evidence to support this notion.
In fact, none of the BPA-certified examples I have seen appear to be on yellow-brown toned paper, nor do the examples from prominent collections. Consequently, I am discounting Stevenson’s general statement, as it is not supported by the evidence from SG and BPA.
With that, I would like to leave readers with a final image,
which hopefully illustrates the situation of the COGH SG19 (Sc13) color-shade
varieties, side by side with examples taken from the SG Color Guides (see
Figure 12).
Figure 12: The four stamps from my collection, shown side-by-side in Fig. 9, shown here digitally cropped along with images from the 1920s and 1960s-1970s SG Color Guides. I have ordered colors left to right, starting with Steel Blue, which I perceive as having the least amount of Indigo in it and progressing to Slate Blue, represented here as having the highest Indigo component to its color shade. I have switched the positions of the 1960s-1970s versions of the Steel and Slate Blues to fit the sequence.
I hope this exploration into the nuanced depths of Steel-Blue color shade research has been worth the journey. As I have written previously, color-shade differentiation is a difficult area for many philatelists, owing to the myriad of factors that impact color-shade perception, such as condition of the stamp, lighting (for photos and viewing actual stamps), scanning equipment and their settings, displays for viewing images, etc. I think this will continue to be a challenge.
Future Projects
Stevenson called for a “simple yet truly scientific basis” for distinguishing the color shades of the DLR printings of the 4d Blues [11], which are the COGH, SG19 (Sc13) varieties, and I hope this article is another step along the path to finding that basis. I think that color quantification by some method is now achievable, and I am planning to work with others more skilled in understanding color analysis to see what can be figured out for these stamps.
Luckily for us, we have access to more advanced analytical tools than Stevenson did back in the 1940s-1950s, so I believe we now have the means to tackle this question. But until that day comes, our third mystery will also continue to work its spell on us…. Happy rare-shade hunting!
Acknowledgements
I would like to take a moment to express my sincere thanks to my TSF colleague and friend, Warren Parker. Warren very kindly arranged to meet me personally to see his 4d Cape Triangles, as he did previously with his 1d and 6d examples, and he generously allowed me to scan all of his material using my machine. In addition, fellow philatelists and Cape Triangle enthusiasts Peter Newroth of Victoria, British Columbia and Ray Getsug of St. Paul, Minnesota were instrumental in helping me get access to the multiple versions of the SG Color Guides, which have been essential to my research into these rare color shades. To all these gentlemen, please accept my sincerest thanks for your help!
[1] Dorn, Christopher. “Three Enduring Mysteries of the Cape of Good
Hope Triangular Issues, 1853-64 (Part 1).”
Big Blue 1840-1940 stamp blog (Jim Jackson, Editor), posted
20-Nov-2024, accessed 11-Feb-2025. URL: https://bigblue1840-1940.blogspot.com/2024/
[2] Dorn, Christopher. “Three Enduring Mysteries of the Cape of Good
Hope Triangular Issues, 1853-64 (Part 1).”
Cape & Natal Philatelic Journal (CNPJ), Vol. 28, No. 4 (112),
December 2024. Website: https://www.capenatalstamps.com/home/journal-topics-2024-dec
[3] Dorn,
Christopher. “Three Enduring Mysteries
of the Cape of Good Hope Triangular Issues, 1853-64 (Part 2).” Big Blue 1840-1940 stamp blog (Jim
Jackson, Editor), posted 13-Mar-2025, accessed 16-Feb-2026. URL: https://bigblue1840-1940.blogspot.com/2025/
[4] Dorn, Christopher. “Three Enduring Mysteries of the Cape of Good
Hope Triangular Issues, 1853-64 (Part 2).”
Cape & Natal Philatelic Journal (CNPJ), Vol. 29, No. 2 (114),
June 2025. Website: https://www.capenatalstamps.com/home/journal-topics-2025-jun
[5] Dorn, Christopher. “Cape of Good Hope Triangles: The
4-Pence Blue De La Rue Issues, 1863-1864.” Cape & Natal Philatelic Journal (CNPJ),
Vol. 26, No. 3 (103), September 2022. Website: https://www.capenatalstamps.com/home/journal-topics-2022-sep
[6] James, George. Stanley Gibbons Ltd., London. Personal interview on 22-Jun-2022.
[7] Jefferies, Hugh. Stanley Gibbons Ltd., London. Personal email dated 28-Sep-2022.
[8] Stanley Gibbons’ Colour
Guide for Stamp Collectors (Improved
Edition), Item No. 2077. Stanley Gibbons Ltd., London, undated. Referred to in the text as being from the 1920s
(see [9]). Please see the Appendix for
an image of the cover.
[9] Stanley Gibbons’ Shades. In History of The Australian Commonwealth Specialists’ Catalogue, website accessed on 22-Feb-2026. URL: http://www.acsc-history.info/misc.aspx
[10] Stanley Gibbons Colour
Guide for Stamp Collectors, Item No. 252. Stanley Gibbons
Ltd., London, 1969. Please see the
Appendix for an image of the cover.
[11] Stevenson, D. Alan. The Triangular Stamps of Cape of Good Hope. H.R. Harmer Ltd., London, 1950.
[12] Postage Stamps of the
Cape of Good Hope: The Collection formed by Sir Maxwell Joseph including Postal
History from 1652 and 1900 Siege of Mafeking. Sotheby’s, London, 1982.
[13] The “Lady Hope”
Collection of Cape of Good Hope Triangulars. David Feldman SA, Imprimeries Réunies Lausanne SA,
Switzerland, 2003.
[14] Hackmey, Joseph D. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE: The Triangular Stamps
of the Cape of Good Hope. Museum of
Philately: https://www.museumofphilately.com/collection/102/154, accessed on 17-Feb-2026. Pages
154-156 of 161 feature the 4-Pence Steel Blue.
[15] The Louise Boyd Dale and
Alfred F. Lichtenstein Collections - Sale Thirteen - Cape of Good Hope. Harmers of New York Inc., New York, 1989.
[16] Parker, Warren M., posting as @wm on The Stamp Forum (TSF) website. Personal meeting on 10-Jan-2026 at the Orco Expo stamp show in Buena Park, California, U.S.A.
[17] Stanley Gibbons Colour Guide for Stamp Collectors, Item No. 252. Stanley Gibbons Ltd., London, 1978. Please see the Appendix for an image of the cover.
Appendix
To make clear which
SG Color Guides are being cited in both the body of this article and in the
reference section, the following images of the covers of those publications are
provided here:
Figure 13: These
are scanned images of the covers of the SG Color Guides from the 1920s [8],
1969 [10], and 1978 [17]. The publication
date for the 1920s version is taken from the “History of The Australian
Commonwealth Specialists’ Catalogue” website [9], as it does not appear on the item
itself. Both the 1969 and 1978 versions
have the publication year printed on the backs, so these dates are documented. When scanned, there was no discernible
difference between the color shades in the 1969 and 1978 versions, although the
production methods were clearly different.
In the 1969 version, the color-shade blocks were printed separately and
attached to the pamphlet. In the 1978
version, the color-shade blocks were printed directly on the pamphlet.
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