Basutoland - a closer look at the stamps

1933 Scott 8 2sh6p dark brown 

"George V, Nile Crocodile and Mountains"

Into the Deep Blue
Basutoland only began issuing their own stamps in 1933, although the enclave had been part of Cape Colony since 1871 (with Cape stamps used from 1876), and part of the British Crown since 1883.

1920 map: Basutoland (white with yellow borders) was part of the
 Union of South Africa from 1910-1933.

Between 1910-1933, the Union of South Africa (Part I & Part II blog posts) issued stamps for the territory.

In 1966 the enclave became independent as the Kingdom of Lesotho.

The original Basutoland blog post and BB checklist, including a bit more on the history is here.

Also a good review of Basutoland can be had at Stamp World History.

The 2017 Scott Classic 1840-1940 catalogue has, for Basutoland, 47 major number descriptions for the years 1933-1952.

Of those, 29 are CV <$1-$1+, or 62%.

A representative collection can be accumulated for not much outlay by the WW collector.

However, there is one category outlier - the 1934 "Official" stamps (Scott 1-3, 6 overprinted).

The CV for these four stamps is $1,000+-$7,000+. !!

The reason? Only 300 of each value were supplied in January, 1934 for use by the Secretariat in Maseru, and they were never sold to the public. Limited usage ( between 24-54 stamps) is known between February 28, 1934 - June 8, 1934. The issue was then withdrawn, and remainders destroyed. Naturally, counterfeits exist.

A closer look at the stamps and issues
12 Pence = 1 Shilling

1933 Scott 2 1p carmine

"George V, Nile Crocodile and Mountains"

The first issue, engraved, for Basutoland proper consisted of ten denominations with a portrait vignette of George V, and a crocodile, river, and mountain scene. 

1933 George V and Nile Crocodile Issue in Deep Blue

CV for the ten stamp set ranges from $1+-$200+, with seven stamps @ CV $1+-$4+.

1933 Scott 3 2p red violet

"George V, Nile Crocodile and Mountains"
"Seforong" postmark?

Bur why, one may ask, is there a crocodile in the scene?

Bud, of Bud's Big Blue fame, gives the answer in his Basutoland post....

"If no crocodiles live in Basutoland, why is one on their stamps? 

The country is indeed mountainous with steep cliffs rising to high tablelands, rather like an upside down cereal bowl. Mountains made the country defensible militarily; when under attack, the Basotho scaled the cliffs and dumped rocks on their adversaries. Highly effective. 

They were never completely conquered, although they lost much of the land surrounding the mountains during the 19^th and early 20^thcenturies. Lesotho is the only country in the world, save Vatican City and San Marino, that is completely surrounded by a single foreign country.

So the mountains make historical sense, but what about the croc? 

Basutoland is singularly inhospitable for crocs -- cold rocky streams fed by melting snow, no shallows with sandy banks. 

The 19^th century unifying king of the Basotho people, Moshoeshoe (say, moe-SCHWAY-schway), was the son of a sub-chief of the Koena (crocodile) people who came from the North where crocs abound. 

The stamps’ croc, then, is totemic -- not scenic but a British way of acknowledging Basotho royalty."

1933 Scott 7 1sh red orange

So the "Nile Crocodile" image on the stamp is totemic, rather than actual. !!

I suspect very few stamp collectors, and only those with a keen awareness of geography and southern African tribal history, would know this. 

1935 Scott 11 1p carmine & blue

Silver Jubilee Issue
"Maseru" postmark

On May 4, 1935, the very ubiquitous (for British colonies) four stamp "Silver Jubilee" issue was released for Basutoland.

I rarely show these stamps for my British colonies posts, because common design types, forty-four countries in this case, are really not very interesting for a specific country. Eighteen additional countries celebrated the Jubilee, but with a different design.

But since there are not very many stamps issued for Basutoland in the classical era, I'm making an exception here. ;-)

1937 Scott 16 2p rose violet

Coronation Issue

Likewise, I am showing the May 12, 1937 three stamp "Coronation Issue" for Basutoland, another common design type.

Sometimes the color for a specific denomination is different, depending on the country.

The "Coronation Issue" with this design is found for forty-five countries. There are fifteen additional countries with a different design, but celebrating the same event.

1938 Scott 19 1p rose carmine

"George VI, Nile Crocodile and Mountains"

Not one to throw away a good design, the George VI issue, consisting of eleven stamps, had the same totemic crocodile  images for the April 1, 1938 issue.

1938 Scott 22 3p ultramarine

"George VI, Nile Crocodile and Mountains"

The engraved eleven stamp issue has a CV of <$1 to $10 for ten stamps.

1945 Scott 31 3p ultramarine & deep ultramarine, pair

South Africa, Overprinted, "Peace Issue"

The three stamp "Peace Issue" of December 3, 1945, consisted of overprinted South African (Scott 100-102) stamps.

Note the underlying stamps are inscribed alternately in English and Afrikaans.

CV is <$1.

1933 Scott J1a 1p carmine, ordinary paper
(1942 date postmark?)

The 1933-52 postage dues, very functional, consisted of two denominations.

The 1 penny denomination consists of ordinary paper (1933, 1938) and chalky paper (1951).

The 1 penny color varies from carmine (1933) to dark carmine (1938) to dark red (1951).

Deep Blue

1938 George VI and Nile Crocodile Issue in Deep Blue

Deep Blue (Steiner), for Basutoland 1933-1952, has five pages. All the major numbers in the Scott catalogue have a space.

1938 Scott 25 1sh red orange

"George VI, Nile Crocodile and Mountains"

Out of the Blue

The isolated Kingdom of Lesotho (formally Basutoland), with its high elevation (90% of land over 1,800 meters -5,900 feet), singular ethnic group (Basotho), small population ( 2 million), and sobering health problems ( 25% with AIDS), is a singular country indeed.

Note: Thanks to Bud for his description and explanation of the "Nile Crocodile and Mountains" design.

Comments appreciated!

Ethiopia - Bud's Big Blue

The Lion of Judah, Symbol of Ethiopia, 1897-1974,

and a title of Emperor Haile Selassie

Bud's Big Blue
Bud's Observations

The history of Ethiopia’s stamps is full of intrigue and deception, but for patient collectors the rewards are great. Here’s where to start.

·         Learn a little Amharic, at least how to count.

·         Frequently consult Doig’s Ethiopia Stamp Catalog (http://www.doigsden.com/EthiHome.html) and the Ethiopian Philatelic Society (http://ethiopianphilatelicsociety.weebly.com).

·         Read Ethiopian history. Do internet searches on Alfred Ilg, the Swiss confidant of Menelik II and midwife of Ethiopia’s first postal system.

·         Combine study Ethiopia’s stamps with those of Eritrea, Italian Somaliland, French Somaliland (Djibouti) and Obock.

·         Buy or borrow two books by Roberto Sciaky: Ethiopia, 1867-1936: History, stamps and postal history (Vaccari, 1999, separate addendum 2001), and Ethiopia, 1935-1974: History, stamps and postal history (Vaccari, 2003). 

·        Tolerate forgeries, especially of anomalies, cancels and overprints.

Have I done all the above? Well, no, but I’ve started -- got the books and scratched the internet a little. More will have to wait until I’ve finished making scans for Jim’s blog.

My scratching so far has to do with the cover on the last supplement page. The address looks to be penned by Alfred Ilg, one of the few people in 1901 authorized to send mail. The postage is correct for letters to Germany via Djibouti. There are appropriate postmarks and backstamps (not shown). It was mailed on May 11, 1901, two months before Ethiopian stamps needed overprints to be valid. The addressee is Julius Seeth, the famous lion trainer who at the time owned the world’s biggest performing pride (24 of them).

So, the lion tamer gets a message from the Lion of Judah.

Sound too good to be true? I think so, too. Add skepticism to the above list.

Census: 78 in BB spaces, 13 twelve tip-ins, 56 on supplement pages. Eighteen added since scans were made.

Jim's Observations
A) Ethiopia is a specialist's delight! Numerous overprints ( with errors), and not too expensive. I wouldn't mind delving deeper into Ethiopia.

B) BB only gives the BB collector the "tip of the iceberg". The major issues are given a space, but as stated in A), there is so much more.

C) Many of the major issues ( 1919 Scott 120-134, 1930 Scott 210-216, 1931 232-241, Air post 1931 C11-C17) in BB have reprints that are much cheaper. If one wants to be aware of them (and not pay too much for a "reprint"), one will need to be aware of the paper, ink and gum for each issue. The specifics are in the Scott catalogue.

D) Amharic script is tough to decipher sometimes, including the denomination. One will need to pay particular attention.

E) Plenty of stamps-mostly surcharge/overprinted- that are inexpensive (<$1-$2+), and did not make it into BB- I found 117! 

Ethiopia Blog Post and Checklist

Page 1 (Click and enlarge for examination)

1a

1b

1c

Page 2

2a

2b

2c

Page 3

3a

3b

3c

Page 4

4a

4b

4c

Supplements
Page 1

Page 2

Page 3

Comments appreciated!

Azerbaijan & Forgeries: A closer look

1919 Scott 1 10k multicolored

"Standard Bearer", white paper

Into the Deep Blue
Azerbaijan stamps have a definite attraction for WW collectors.

But the attraction is more like a "Moth to a flame" attraction, because collectors often get burned.

One word: Forgeries!

The issues only lasted from 1919 to 1924.  The National Republic of Azerbaijan was quickly overtaken by the Soviet forces in 1921, the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic was formed by 1922, and the territory was then soon absorbed into the Transcaucasian SSR (with Armenia and Georgia).

The original post and Big Blue checklist is here.

A closer look at the stamps and issues
100 Kopecks = 1 Ruble

Soviet 1921 Reissue (on grayish or brownish paper) of Azerbaijan 1919 Issue

The October, 1919 ten stamp issue by the National Republic of Azerbaijan  was crudely lithographically printed, but in multicolors. They featured four designs.

CV ranges from <$1-$4+. (These CVs are for the 1921 re-issue.)

1919 Scott 8 10r "Baku"

First printing October 1919 - thinner white paper

National Republic of Azerbaijan

The first printing by the National Republic of Azerbaijan in October, 1919 was on thinner white paper.

The later printing in April 1921 (re-issue) by the Soviets is on grayish or brownish paper. In my experience, the Soviet re-issue far outnumbers the first printing in collections by a factor of at least  10:1.

1919 Azerbaijan Issue - on  thin white paper

Scott values the white paper first printing @ 5X the CV for the Soviet reissue printing. One has to look for them. As one can see, I have seven of the ten stamps of the first printing 1919 issue. With the 2018 Scott Classic 1840-1940 catalogue, Scott now splits the issue, and gives major numbers to both the 1919 thin white paper variety (Scott 1-10), and the 1921 Soviet re-issue grayish or brownish paper variety (Scott 1A-10A).

The Soviet re-issue, other than paper, is identical to the first issue - it was apparently printed from the same plates in Baku as the first printing- EXCEPT there is a difference between the side ornament orientation for the 5r and 10r "Baku" design stamps.

Note on this 10r first printing above, the side ornament columns are oriented in the same direction.

Scott 8A 10r "Baku"

Reissued by Soviet Government April, 1921

On thicker brownish paper

Now, here is an example of the same 10r "Baku" stamp, but a Soviet re-issue.

Note the grayish or brownish paper, a characteristic of the Soviet re-issue.

But, remember, for the 5r and 10r "baku" stamps, the Soviet re-issue also have a different orientation for the side columns. The left ornament column is inverted.

1919 Scott 2A 20k multicolored (actually 1921 Soviet re-issue)

Genuine: "Standard Bearer"

Now begins the story of forgeries.

The forgeries for the 1919 (and 1921 Soviet re-issue) stamps showed up shortly after the Soviet re-issue, and are on a tan to an off-white paper. I find the supposed differences in paper color for forgeries to not be all that helpful. One has to look for the specific forgery markers.

For this post, I relied heavily on the forgery discussion for Azerbaijan in Varro Tyler's "Focus on Forgeries", c2000. One can assume, that if forgeries are discussed, then the source is Tyler.

The lowest denominations, the 10k and 20k stamp issue, have the same design: the "Standard Bearer".

Curiously, Tyler only names the 20k as one that has a forgery. The 10k is not specifically cited.  All the rest of the "1919 issue" denominations have forgeries, according to Tyler.

However, Bee See of the Stamp Community Forum shows a 10k forgery, so it is out there. Good work Bee See!

1919 Scott 2A 20k multicolored Close-up

Genuine: Star and Crescent

So, how does one tell a genuine/forgery for the 20k?

The points of the star inside the crescent moon are clear and sharp for the genuine, while blunt or absent in the forgery.

1919 Scott 2A 20k multicolored Close-up

Genuine: The base of the "A" & "Z" and "D" & "J"

do NOT touch each other

For the forgery in the 20k, the base of the AZ and the DJ touch at the bottom!

Now, let's look at a 20k forgery...

"1919 Scott 2 20k multicolored"

Forgery: "Standard Bearer"

Note this forgery example is on an off-white paper. 

"1919 Scott 2 20k multicolored" Close-up

Forgery: Star and Crescent

The points of the star inside the crescent moon are blunt or absent.

"1919 Scott 2 20k multicolored" Close-up

Forgery

For the forgery in the 20k, the base of the AZ and the DJ touch at the bottom.

1919 Scott 4 60k "Farmer at Sunset"
Genuine

The three middle 1919 (and 1921 re-issue) denominations - 40k, 60k, 1r - show a "Farmer at Sunset"

1919 Scott 4 60k  Close-up

Genuine

The genuine has star points that are sharp, and sometimes (not here - but will show with next example) there is a black dot in the middle of the star. The forgery has rather blunt star points, and the forgery never shows a black dot in the middle of the star.

The genuine has a sun ray (dash) that is near the nose of the farmer, while, in the forgery, the dash next to the nose is absent, or there is just a dot. Also, the forgery tends to have sun rays that are thicker and shorter.

Dot in the middle of the sun on a 40k Genuine

About 50% of my "Farmer at Sunset" genuine stamps show a dot in the middle of the sun. According to Tyler, that is a sure sign of authenticity.

Now, let's look at the "Farmer at Sunset" forgery....

"1919 Scott 4 40k"

Forgery: "Farmer at Sunset"

This forgery is on off-white to tan paper.

Note the thick short sun rays.

"1919 Scott 4 40k" close-up

Forgery: "Farmer at Sunset"

The forgery shows blunted star points. And there is no center black dot in the sun (Although genuines don't necessarily have a center black dot either).

More importantly, there is no dash in front of the nose of the farmer. There is only a very tiny black dot.

1919 Scott 7A 5r "Baku"

Soviet reprint; Genuine

The "Baku" design is found for the 2r, 5r, & 10r denominations, and forgeries are found for them too.

This is a genuine 5r "Baku", but a Soviet reprint, as the left side column is inverted.

1919 Scott 7A 5r "Baku" Close-up

Genuine

For the genuine, the star is centered between the horns of the moon.

The black frameline is intact all around the upper right box with the Turkish numeral 5.

"1919 Scott 7 5r Baku"

Forgery

This is a forgery, and note the side columns are oriented the same way, like the 1919 first printing, but unlike the Soviet re-issue.

"1919 Scott 7 5r Baku" Close-up

Forgery

How can one tell this is a forgery?

The star between the crescent moon touches or almost touches the lower horn.

There is a break in the black frameline at the bottom right side of the box with the Turkish 5 (The Turkish 5 looks like an inverted heart).

1919 Scott 10A 50r - Genuine

"Temple of Eternal Fires"

The "Temple of External Fires" design is found for the 25r and 50r denominations.

1919 Scott 10A 50r  Close-up

Genuine

The genuine has the five oil derricks with their lines intact (specifically the first one at left, and the second one from right).

The star between the crescent moon has sharp points. There is no break in the line forming the upper point.

"1919 Scott 10 50r" - Forgery
"Temple of Eternal Fires"

This is a forgery. Why?

"1919 Scott 10 50r" - Close-up 

Forgery

The first derrick from the left has a line break on the left side. The second derrick from the right has a line break on the left.

The points of the star are blunter, and there is an apparent break in the line for the upper point.

So ends the story on forgeries for the 1919 first Azerbaijan issue ( and 1921 Soviet re-issue).

I should mention that it is not unusual to spot a forgery or two when viewing Azerbaijan sets offered on the 'Bay. That is how I obtained these examples.

1922-23 Surcharges on 1919 issue

In 1922-23, there were surcharges applied with handstamped metal dies to several issues, including eight stamps from the 1919 issue (actually the 1921 Soviet reissue).

CV is <$1-$4+.

1922-23 Surcharges on 1919 Issue "Baku"

Scott 62 300,000r on 2r red, bister, & black

The problem is all of these metal die surcharge issues can be found with surcharge overprint forgeries.

This particular stamp has a CV of $1+. Without specialized knowledge about the characteristics of the surcharged forgeries, I have no way of telling if this specimen - modest CV and all- is genuine or not.

1922 Issue (Some sources say 1921 Issue)

At the beginning of the Soviet Socialist Republic era, a 1922 15 stamp lithographic issue with nine designs was released. This stamp issue with the early "Soviet" designs is quite intriguing, and the five of the values are bi-colored.

CV is <$1 for all values.

Tyler states that, shortly after release, all values were forged in Vienna. There are small differences in design. 

BTW, Scott has a note that Azerbaijan forgeries for this set tend to sell for more than the genuines!

1922 Scott 22 150r blue "Blacksmiths"

Genuine

Tyler only shows one example of the genuine'forgery difference for the 1922 issue: the 150r blue "Blacksmiths".

1922 Scott 22 150r blue Close-up

Genuine

In the upper right panel, the second Arabic letter from the right resembles a backward "C".  the genuine has a small dot on top ( as this one does). The forgery does not have the dot.

On the forehead, there is a matrix of dots (or short wavy lines) seen with the genuine. The forgery has a small forelock extending from under his hat to over his eyebrow.

This would be an interesting issue to do a study on more genuines/forgeries, but alas I do not have the material.

Check out stampforgeries.com for their 1922 (or 1921?) Azerbaijan genuine/forgery comparisons.

1923 Bogus Issue

Now this is interesting.

In 1923, a six stamp issue was found in the stamp trade purporting to be from Azerbaijan.

This issue was actually bogus, and from a firm in Udine, Italy.

Scott does not even mention the bogus issue in the their catalogue, although, interestingly, Steiner has spaces for it.

Well, then the story becomes more bizarre.

Forgeries of the bogus issue were prepared, according to Tyler, possibly in Belgium. They can be found perforated (11, 11 1/2) or imperforate. Likewise, the original bogus issue is perforate (11) or imperforate.

1923 Bogus Issue 500r "Portrait of Old Man"

"Genuine" Bogus

Tyler shows one example of the genuine/forgery: the 500r.

1923 "Genuine" Bogus 500r Close-up

The genuine 500r has two colon like dots to the left of the 500 vertical frameline, and no dot touches the frameline.

The dot to the right of RUB does not touch a frameline either.

1923 Bogus Issue 500r
"Forgery" Bogus

The forgery is somewhat cruder than the original bogus issue.

1923 "Forgery" Bogus 500r Close-up

A dot to the lower left of the 500 vertical frameline (nearly) touches it. And the dot to the right of RUB touches a frameline.

For additional information on the 1923 issue bogus/forgery comparisons, go to Falschung's Forgery site linked with this sentence.

Note: Falschung (Nelson) has given me general permission to link directly to his country forgery topics.  His  homepage is:  http://stampforgeries.ca/

Thanks Falschung!

1922-23 Surcharges on 1919 Issue "Standard Bearer"
Scott 58 50,000r on 20k multicolored

Out of the Blue

You can see that we have just scratched the surface of what is interesting with the classic stamps of Azerbaijan.  There are definitely avenues for further investigation.

Update note: Falschung (Nelson) of Stampforgeries.Ca fame has released an evaluation of the Azerbaijan 1919-1920 (Muscavat) issue. Very specific and detailed. Thanks Falschung!

Links
Azerbaijan - Bud's Big Blue

Comments appreciated!